The Twelve Primary Natural History Pathways provide a progressive curriculum from Reception to Year 6, building the knowledge, fieldcraft and environmental decision-making pupils will need for confident progression towards the proposed Natural History GCSE. Beginning with “What lives around us?” in Reception, pupils explore seasonal change in Year 1, wildlife habitats in Year 2, ecological connections in Year 3, the influence of soil, water and weather in Year 4, changes in biodiversity in Year 5, and evidence-based conservation in Year 6, while continuing to develop all twelve pathways through regular outdoor learning. Each pathway contributes to a continuous Natural History Field Portfolio in which pupils revisit a local site across the seasons; identify common plants, animals and fungi; use introductory sampling methods such as quadrats, transects and timed counts; record location, date, weather, habitat and abundance; create field sketches and photographs; present findings through tables, maps and graphs; investigate testable ecological questions; compare evidence across times and places; evaluate reliability, limitations and ethical practice; and undertake a practical conservation action. This framework reflects the proposed GCSE emphasis on UK wildlife and habitats, human influences on the natural world, environmental challenges and responses, sustained field study, and observation, identification, recording and analysis, as outlined in the Department for Education consultation and the government’s GCSE announcement. As the GCSE content remains subject to finalisation following consultation, the pathways will be reviewed when the final specification is published.